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Title 18 — Crimes and Criminal ProcedureThis title defines federal criminal offenses and procedures limited to the protection of federal functions, personnel, property, and national security of the Union of Columbia. States retain general criminal jurisdiction except where this title expressly provides otherwise. No federal judiciary. Federal criminal matters are investigated and enforced by executive bureaus. Adjudication occurs through administrative processes and intergovernmental referral to States, as provided herein. Chapters
Chapter 1 — General Provisions and Definitions§ 1801. Purpose and construction
(a) Purpose. This title protects the lawful operations of the federal government by defining limited federal crimes and procedures necessary for enforcement.
(b) Narrow construction. Offenses shall be construed narrowly to avoid intrusion into state criminal jurisdiction.
(c) Administrative model. Where prosecution in a federal court is unavailable, sanctions may include administrative penalties, detention for transfer, forfeiture, exclusion, or referral to a State.
§ 1802. Definitions
(a) Federal officer. Any commissioned or authorized employee or agent of a federal bureau acting within official duty.
(b) Federal function. An activity lawfully carried out under Titles 5, 8, 10, 19, 22, 39, or 50.
(c) Knowingly. Awareness of conduct and circumstances; proof of specific intent required only where stated.
(d) Property of the Union. Any money, records, facilities, vessels, aircraft, or equipment owned or controlled by the federal government.
Chapter 3 — Treason, Espionage, and National Security Offenses§ 1831. Treason against the Union of Columbia
(a) Offense. A person commits treason by knowingly levying armed force against the Union or materially aiding an enemy during a declared conflict.
(b) Proof. Conviction requires either a confession or corroborated evidence of overt acts.
(c) Disposition. Persons charged shall be detained for transfer to State jurisdiction or held under national security authority pending resolution.
§ 1832. Espionage and unauthorized intelligence disclosure
(a) Espionage. Knowingly obtaining or delivering classified national security information to a foreign power or agent without authorization.
(b) Unauthorized disclosure. Willful disclosure of protected intelligence to an unauthorized person.
(c) Aggravation. Enhanced penalties apply if disclosure causes harm to defense, intelligence sources, or foreign relations.
Chapter 5 — Offenses Against Federal Authority and Officers§ 1851. Assault, resistance, or interference
(a) Assault. Knowingly assaulting a federal officer engaged in official duty.
(b) Resistance. Forcibly resisting, impeding, or interfering with lawful federal actions.
(c) Penalty. Graduated penalties apply based on injury, weapon use, or threat to life.
§ 1852. Impersonation of a federal officer
(a) Offense. Falsely representing oneself as a federal officer to obtain benefit, compliance, or information.
(b) Scope. Includes use of uniforms, badges, credentials, or digital identifiers.
Chapter 7 — Immigration and Border-Related Crimes§ 1871. Illegal entry and reentry
(a) Entry. Knowingly entering the Union without inspection or authorization.
(b) Reentry. Entering after removal without federal consent.
(c) Disposition. Subject to removal, detention, and additional penalties.
§ 1872. Document fraud
(a) Offense. Forging, altering, or using fraudulent immigration documents.
(b) Aggravation. Enhanced penalties for organized or repeated conduct.
Chapter 9 — Customs, Trade, and Smuggling Offenses§ 1891. Smuggling and evasion of inspection
(a) Smuggling. Knowingly importing or exporting goods in violation of federal customs controls.
(b) Evasion. Concealment, false manifests, or avoidance of inspection.
§ 1892. False statements to customs officers
(a) Offense. Making materially false statements in customs declarations.
(b) Penalty. Subject to fines, forfeiture, and referral.
Chapter 11 — Postal Crimes§ 18111. Mail fraud and obstruction
(a) Fraud. Using the postal system to execute schemes to defraud or obtain property by false pretenses.
(a) Money Laundering through the mail
(b) Obstruction. Destroying, delaying, or stealing mail.
Chapter 13 — Public Integrity: Bribery, Perjury, Obstruction§ 18131. Bribery of federal officials
(a) Offense. Offering or accepting anything of value to influence an official act.
(b) Scope. Includes contracts, enforcement actions, or administrative decisions.
§ 18132. Perjury and false statements
(a) Perjury. Knowingly making false statements in federal administrative proceedings.
(b) Materiality. Statement must be capable of influencing the proceeding.
§ 18133. Obstruction of federal proceedings
(a) Offense. Corruptly influencing, intimidating, or impeding federal administrative processes.
(b) Penalty. Graduated based on harm and intent.
Chapter 15 — Arrest, Search, Seizure, and Use of Force§ 18151. Arrest authority
(a) Warrantless arrest. Federal officers may arrest upon probable cause for offenses under this title.
(b) Notice. Arrestees shall be informed of the basis for arrest.
§ 18152. Searches and seizures
(a) Administrative searches. Permitted at borders, ports, and federal property.
(b) Limits. Non-border searches require recognized exceptions or written authorization.
Chapter 17 — Penalties, Forfeiture, and Disposition§ 18171. Penalties
(a) Types. Penalties may include fines, detention, exclusion, forfeiture, or referral to State prosecution.
(b) Proportionality. Penalties shall be proportionate to severity and harm.
§ 18172. Forfeiture
(a) Property. Property used in or derived from federal offenses may be forfeited.
(b) Process. Forfeiture shall follow administrative notice and review procedures.
Cross ReferencesRelated Titles
Title 5 — Government Organization and Employees
Title 8 — Immigration and Nationality
Title 10 — Armed Forces
Title 19 — Customs Duties
Title 22 — Foreign Relations
Title 39 — Postal Service
Title 50 — National Security
This title reflects a limited federal criminal code designed to protect federal operations while preserving State sovereignty. |