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Title 22 — Foreign Relations and International AffairsThis title governs the conduct of foreign relations by the Union of Columbia. Foreign affairs are exercised exclusively by the federal executive pursuant to the Constitution and States Compact, and do not create domestic regulatory authority within the States except where expressly provided. Chapters
Chapter 1 — General Provisions and Authority§ 2201. Scope and construction
(a) This title governs foreign relations conducted on behalf of the Union of Columbia.
(b) Authority under this title is executive in nature and shall be construed narrowly.
(c) Nothing in this title authorizes domestic social, economic, or humanitarian regulation.
§ 2202. Exclusive federal function
(a) Foreign relations are an exclusive federal function.
(b) States may not independently recognize foreign governments or enter treaties binding the Union.
(c) States retain authority over purely internal matters with foreign incidental contact.
Chapter 3 — Diplomatic Recognition and Representation§ 2231. Recognition of foreign states and governments
(a) The President may recognize foreign states and governments.
(b) Recognition may be full, limited, or conditional.
(c) Recognition determinations are political acts and not subject to judicial review.
§ 2232. Diplomatic missions and representatives
(a) The Bureau of State may establish or receive diplomatic missions.
(b) Diplomatic privileges and immunities shall be respected consistent with international custom.
(c) Abuse of diplomatic status may result in restriction or expulsion.
Chapter 5 — Treaties, Compacts, and International Agreements§ 2251. International agreements
(a) The President may enter treaties and compacts consistent with the States Compact.
(b) Agreements may address defense, trade, extradition, travel, or security cooperation.
(c) Agreements conflicting with the Compact are void.
§ 2252. Domestic effect of agreements
(a) International agreements do not create private rights unless expressly stated.
(b) Agreements do not override State law absent express Compact authorization.
(c) Implementation occurs through executive regulation or coordination.
Chapter 7 — Passports, Travel, and Protection Abroad§ 2271. Issuance of passports
(a) The Bureau of State may issue passports to citizens.
(b) Passports remain property of the Union of Columbia.
(c) Passports may be limited, suspended, or revoked for national security or fraud.
§ 2272. Protection of citizens abroad
(a) The Bureau of State may provide diplomatic assistance to citizens abroad.
(b) Such assistance does not guarantee intervention or rescue.
(c) Military or intelligence involvement is governed by Titles 10 and 50.
Chapter 9 — Foreign Commerce Controls and Restrictions§ 2291. Trade-related restrictions
(a) The President may impose limited trade restrictions for national security reasons.
(b) Controls shall be narrowly tailored and time-limited.
(c) Customs enforcement occurs under Title 19.
§ 2292. Licensing and exceptions
(a) The Bureau of State may issue licenses authorizing otherwise restricted transactions.
(b) Licenses may include conditions and reporting requirements.
Chapter 11 — Sanctions, Restrictions, and Emergency Measures§ 22111. Sanctions authority
(a) The President may impose sanctions in response to foreign threats.
(b) Sanctions may include asset freezes, travel bans, or trade limitations.
(c) Sanctions shall be reviewed periodically.
§ 22112. Emergency foreign measures
(a) Emergency measures may be taken during armed conflict or imminent threat.
(b) Measures must be documented and proportional.
(c) Coordination with States is required where impacts occur domestically.
Chapter 13 — Records, Immunities, and Enforcement§ 22301. Records and classification
(a) Foreign relations records may be classified for security.
(b) Unauthorized disclosure is punishable under Title 18 and Title 50.
§ 22302. Enforcement and penalties
(a) Violations of this title may result in administrative penalties.
(b) Criminal violations shall be referred under Title 18.
This title reflects the limited foreign affairs authority of the Union of Columbia and preserves State sovereignty except where expressly delegated. |